The Self-strengthening Movement (1860-1894) was also named "Yang-Wu Yun-Tung" by the Marxist historians. It is because the movement did not strengthen China and it depended too much on the foreigners. All the reform programmes just imitated the West. In the upcoming paragraphs, we are going to discuss the causes and failure of it, and how its failure affected China up to 1912. It has been said that the Self-Strengthening Movement was a response to the West. …showed first 75 words of 1575 total…

…showed last 75 words of 1575 total…an unbreakable chain effects. (i.e. SSM ->Scramble for Concessions -> HDR -> Boxers' Uprising & Eight Power Expedition -> Late Qing Reform -> 1911 Revolution -> Downfall of Qing Court) The failure of self-strengthening movement directly and indirectly raised the power of revolutionaries and led to the downfall of Qing Court. Hence, it is convinced the Self-strengthening Movement possess drastic affection to the China in the following century.